from collections.abc import Iterable
from itertools import chain, combinations

def clamp(n: int, min: int, max: int) -> int:
    if n < min:
        return min
    elif n > max:
        return max
    return n

def clamp_max(n: int, max: int) -> int:
    return max if n > max else n

def clamp_min(n: int, max: int) -> int:
    return min if n < min else n

def digits(n: int) -> int:
    return len(str(n))

# NOTE: assumes A and B are equal length
def xor_bytes(A: bytes, B: bytes) -> bytes:
    return b''.join([(a ^ b).to_bytes() for (a, b) in zip(A, B)])
def xor_str(A: str, B: str) -> str:
    return ''.join([chr(ord(a) ^ ord(b)) for (a, b) in zip(A, B)])


def powerset(iterable: Iterable) -> Iterable:
    s = list(iterable)
    return chain.from_iterable(combinations(s, r) for r in range(len(s)+1))